The Temple of Jerusalem refers to two ancient temples that were central to Jewish worship. The first temple, built by King Solomon, was completed in the 10th century BCE and served as the primary place of sacrifice and worship. It was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE. The second temple was constructed after the return from Babylonian exile and completed in 516 BCE. It underwent significant renovations under Herod the Great around 20 BCE, becoming a magnificent structure. This temple was destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE, marking a pivotal moment in Jewish history.