Tectonic processes refer to the movements and interactions of the Earth's lithosphere, which is divided into several large plates known as tectonic plates. These plates float on the semi-fluid layer of the mantle beneath them. Their movements can cause earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountain ranges as they collide, pull apart, or slide past each other. The boundaries where these plates interact are classified into three main types: convergent boundaries, where plates collide; divergent boundaries, where they move apart; and transform boundaries, where they slide past one another. Understanding these processes is crucial for studying geological phenomena and predicting natural disasters.