Tarmac is a type of road surface made from a mixture of crushed stone, gravel, and a binding agent, usually bitumen. It is commonly used for paving roads, parking lots, and airport runways due to its durability and ability to withstand heavy traffic. The term "tarmac" is derived from "tarmacadam," named after the inventor John Loudon McAdam, who developed the method of layering stones. Tarmac provides a smooth and stable surface, which helps improve vehicle traction and safety. It is also relatively easy to maintain and can be repaired by filling in cracks or resurfacing. This makes it a popular choice for both urban and rural infrastructure projects.