Tamizh, also known as Tamil, is a classical language predominantly spoken in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and in parts of Sri Lanka. It is one of the oldest living languages in the world, with a rich literary tradition that dates back over 2,000 years. The Tamil script consists of 12 vowels and 18 consonants, allowing for a wide range of phonetic expression. As an official language in Singapore and Malaysia, it is also spoken by Tamil diaspora communities worldwide, contributing to its global significance and cultural heritage.