The Taiping was a significant civil war in China that lasted from 1850 to 1864. It was led by Hong Xiuquan, who claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus Christ. The movement aimed to overthrow the ruling Qing Dynasty and establish a new society based on a unique interpretation of Christianity and social reforms. The conflict resulted in one of the deadliest wars in history, with estimates of 20 to 30 million deaths. The Taiping forces captured large areas of southern China, including Nanjing, which became their capital. Ultimately, the Qing government, with foreign assistance, suppressed the rebellion, leading to significant changes in Chinese society.