TOC, or Theory of Constraints, is a management philosophy that focuses on identifying and addressing the most significant limiting factor, or constraint, in a process. By improving this constraint, organizations can enhance their overall performance and achieve their goals more effectively. The main idea behind TOC is that every system has at least one constraint that restricts its output. By systematically analyzing and optimizing this constraint, businesses can increase efficiency, reduce costs, and improve productivity, leading to better results and higher profitability.