Tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, is a contagious bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Symptoms include a persistent cough, chest pain, fever, and weight loss. While TB can be serious, it is treatable with a course of antibiotics. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are crucial to prevent the spread of the disease. In some cases, TB can become resistant to standard medications, making it more challenging to treat.