The Syslog Protocol is a standard for message logging in computer systems and networks. It allows devices like routers, switches, and servers to send event messages to a centralized logging server, known as a Syslog server. This helps in monitoring and troubleshooting by collecting logs from various sources in one place. Syslog messages typically include information such as the time of the event, the device that generated the message, and the severity level of the event. The protocol operates over the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), making it lightweight and efficient for real-time logging.