The Swiss Federal Constitution is the fundamental legal document of Switzerland, establishing the framework for the country's political system. Adopted in 1848 and revised several times, it outlines the structure of the federal government, the rights of citizens, and the relationship between the federal and cantonal authorities. The Constitution guarantees various fundamental rights, including freedom of speech, religion, and assembly. It also emphasizes the principles of democracy and federalism, ensuring that power is shared between the national government and the 26 cantons of Switzerland.