Surveying techniques are methods used to measure distances, angles, and elevations on the Earth's surface. These techniques help create accurate maps and determine property boundaries. Common methods include triangulation, where the position of a point is determined by measuring angles from known points, and GPS surveying, which uses satellite signals for precise location data. Another important technique is leveling, which measures height differences between points to establish a flat reference line. Total stations combine electronic theodolites and distance measuring tools, allowing surveyors to gather data efficiently. These techniques are essential in construction, land development, and environmental studies.