Survey methodology is the process of designing and conducting surveys to collect data from a specific group of people. It involves defining the target population, selecting a sample, and choosing the right questions to gather accurate information. Researchers must consider factors like survey format, question wording, and response options to ensure that the data collected is reliable and valid. Once the survey is designed, it can be administered through various methods, such as online platforms, phone interviews, or face-to-face interactions. Analyzing the results helps researchers understand trends and opinions within the target population, guiding decisions in fields like marketing, public health, and social research.