The Surrealist movement emerged in the early 20th century, primarily in Europe, as a cultural and artistic response to the horrors of World War I. It sought to challenge conventional perceptions of reality by exploring the unconscious mind, dreams, and the irrational. Influenced by Sigmund Freud's theories, surrealists aimed to unlock creativity through unexpected juxtapositions and bizarre imagery. Key figures in the movement included artists like Salvador Dalí, René Magritte, and writers such as André Breton. Surrealism extended beyond visual arts to literature, film, and theater, promoting a revolutionary approach to expression. The movement significantly impacted modern art and continues to inspire contemporary creators.