Surgical theory refers to the principles and concepts that guide surgical practice and decision-making. It encompasses the understanding of human anatomy, physiology, and pathology, which are essential for performing surgical procedures safely and effectively. Surgeons apply these theories to determine the best approach for treating various medical conditions, ensuring optimal patient outcomes. Additionally, surgical theory includes the study of techniques, tools, and technologies used in operations. This can involve the exploration of minimally invasive methods, such as laparoscopy, and the use of advanced imaging techniques, like MRI or CT scans, to enhance precision during surgery.