A surface plot is a three-dimensional graphical representation of data, often used to visualize the relationship between three variables. The plot displays a surface that connects points in a three-dimensional space, allowing viewers to see how one variable changes in relation to two others. This type of visualization is particularly useful in fields like mathematics, engineering, and data science. In a surface plot, the x and y axes typically represent the two independent variables, while the z axis represents the dependent variable. The surface can be colored or shaded to indicate different values, making it easier to identify trends, peaks, and valleys in the data. Surface plots are commonly created using software tools like MATLAB or Python's Matplotlib.