Surface functionalization is a process that modifies the surface of materials to enhance their properties or add new functionalities. This can involve applying chemical treatments, coatings, or nanoparticles to improve characteristics such as adhesion, corrosion resistance, or biocompatibility. This technique is widely used in various fields, including biomedical engineering, electronics, and materials science. For example, in biomedical applications, surface functionalization can make implants more compatible with human tissue, while in electronics, it can improve the performance of sensors and devices by enhancing their surface interactions.