The Supreme Court of Japan is the highest judicial authority in Japan, established under the post-World War II constitution in 1947. It is responsible for ensuring the constitutionality of laws and interpreting legal matters. The court consists of a Chief Justice and 14 other justices, who are appointed by the Emperor based on the Prime Minister's recommendation. The court has the power to review decisions made by lower courts and can declare laws or government actions unconstitutional. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the rule of law and protecting individual rights within the framework of the Japanese legal system.