Sumerian mathematics, developed by the ancient Sumerians around 3000 BCE, was one of the earliest known systems of mathematics. They used a base-60 (sexagesimal) number system, which is why we still divide hours into 60 minutes and circles into 360 degrees. Their mathematical practices included basic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, often applied in trade and agriculture. The Sumerians also created a form of writing called cuneiform, which they used to record mathematical calculations on clay tablets. These tablets contained various problems, including geometry and accounting, showcasing their advanced understanding of mathematics for their time.