Sumerian literature is one of the earliest forms of written expression, originating in ancient Mesopotamia around 3000 BCE. It includes a variety of texts, such as myths, hymns, prayers, and epics, primarily written in the cuneiform script on clay tablets. The most famous work is the Epic of Gilgamesh, which explores themes of friendship, mortality, and the quest for knowledge. These literary works provide valuable insights into the beliefs, values, and daily life of the Sumerians. They often reflect the society's relationship with the divine, nature, and each other, showcasing their rich cultural heritage and the development of early human thought.