Sultan Mahmud Shah I was the ruler of the Malacca Sultanate from 1488 to 1511. He is known for his efforts to strengthen the sultanate's power and expand its influence in the region. His reign was marked by trade prosperity and cultural development, as Malacca was a vital trading hub in Southeast Asia. During his rule, Mahmud Shah I faced challenges from external forces, particularly the Portuguese. In 1511, the Portuguese, led by Afonso de Albuquerque, captured Malacca, leading to the decline of the sultanate. This event significantly impacted the political landscape of the region.