Sultan Baibars was a prominent ruler of the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt, reigning from 1260 to 1277. He is best known for his military prowess and leadership during the Crusades, particularly for his role in the defeat of the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, which marked a significant turning point in Middle Eastern history. Baibars implemented various administrative reforms and promoted trade and agriculture, strengthening the economy of his kingdom. He also focused on fortifying cities and building infrastructure, including the famous Baibars Mosque in Cairo, which reflects his commitment to both military and civic development.