Subsurface research involves studying the layers of soil, rock, and water beneath the Earth's surface. This field is crucial for understanding natural resources, such as groundwater, minerals, and fossil fuels. Researchers use various techniques, including drilling and geophysical surveys, to gather data about these subsurface materials. The findings from subsurface research can inform environmental management, construction projects, and resource extraction. By analyzing the composition and structure of subsurface layers, scientists can assess risks like landslides or contamination and help ensure sustainable practices in industries such as agriculture and mining.