Substantive law refers to the body of law that defines rights, duties, and obligations of individuals and entities. It encompasses various legal areas, including contract law, criminal law, and property law. Substantive law determines what actions are permissible and what penalties may apply for violations. In contrast to procedural law, which outlines the processes for enforcing rights and obligations, substantive law focuses on the actual content of legal rules. It provides the framework for legal disputes and helps individuals understand their legal standing in various situations, ensuring clarity in the application of justice.