Subsidence is the gradual sinking or settling of the Earth's surface, often caused by natural processes or human activities. It can occur when underground materials, such as soil or rock, are removed or compacted, leading to a decrease in ground elevation. Common causes include the extraction of groundwater, mining, or the collapse of underground cavities. This phenomenon can have significant impacts on infrastructure, such as buildings, roads, and bridges, potentially leading to structural damage or failure. Monitoring and managing subsidence is essential to ensure safety and maintain the integrity of urban and rural environments.