The sternal structures refer to the components of the sternum, a flat bone located in the center of the chest. It consists of three main parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. The sternum plays a crucial role in protecting vital organs, such as the heart and lungs, and serves as an attachment point for several ribs and muscles. The sternum is connected to the ribs via cartilage, forming the sternocostal joints. These joints allow for slight movement during breathing, which aids in expanding the chest cavity. Understanding sternal structures is important in fields like anatomy and medicine, especially in procedures involving the chest.