Niles Eldredge is an American paleontologist best known for his work on the theory of punctuated equilibrium. He was born on January 3, 1943, and has contributed significantly to the understanding of evolutionary biology. Eldredge proposed that species remain relatively stable for long periods, interrupted by brief episodes of rapid change, which contrasts with the traditional view of gradual evolution. Eldredge has published numerous scientific papers and books, collaborating with other prominent scientists, including Stephen Jay Gould. His research has focused on the fossil record and the patterns of evolution observed in various species, helping to shape modern evolutionary theory and our understanding of biodiversity.