Steam distillation is a separation process used to extract essential oils and other volatile compounds from plant materials. In this method, steam is passed through the plant material, causing the essential oils to evaporate. The steam and vaporized oils are then cooled and condensed back into liquid form, allowing for the collection of the desired substances. This technique is particularly useful for extracting compounds that are sensitive to heat, as the low-temperature steam prevents degradation. Essential oils obtained through steam distillation are widely used in perfumes, aromatherapy, and food flavoring, showcasing the method's versatility and importance in various industries.