State-sponsored cyber attacks are coordinated efforts by a government to infiltrate or disrupt the digital systems of another nation or organization. These attacks can target critical infrastructure, steal sensitive information, or spread disinformation. They often involve sophisticated techniques and resources, making them more challenging to defend against compared to individual hackers. Countries may engage in these cyber operations to gain strategic advantages, conduct espionage, or retaliate against perceived threats. Notable examples include attacks attributed to Russia, China, and North Korea, which have targeted various sectors, including finance, energy, and government institutions, highlighting the growing importance of cybersecurity in international relations.