Sri Lankan prehistory refers to the period before written records, which began around 3,000 years ago. Archaeological evidence suggests that humans inhabited the island as early as 125,000 years ago, with findings in sites like Haputale and Batadombalena. These early inhabitants were likely hunter-gatherers who used stone tools. The Neolithic period in Sri Lanka began around 2,500 BCE, marked by the introduction of agriculture and pottery. The Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa civilizations later emerged, showcasing advanced urban planning and irrigation systems. These developments laid the foundation for the rich cultural heritage that characterizes Sri Lanka today.