The term "Neolithic" refers to the last part of the Stone Age, which began around 10,000 BCE and lasted until about 3,000 BCE. During this period, humans transitioned from a nomadic lifestyle of hunting and gathering to settled farming communities. This shift allowed people to cultivate crops and domesticate animals, leading to the development of agriculture and permanent settlements. The Neolithic era is marked by significant advancements, such as the creation of pottery and weaving. It also saw the rise of complex societies and the construction of structures like Stonehenge. This period laid the foundation for modern civilization by fostering trade, social organization, and technological innovation.