Hypersplenism is a medical condition characterized by an overactive spleen, which leads to the excessive removal of blood cells from circulation. This can result in low levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, causing symptoms like fatigue, increased risk of infections, and easy bruising or bleeding. The condition can be caused by various factors, including liver disease, infections, or blood disorders. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests and imaging studies to assess spleen size and function. Treatment may focus on addressing the underlying cause or, in severe cases, may involve surgical removal of the spleen, known as splenectomy.