Spherical coordinates are a three-dimensional coordinate system that uses three values to define a point's position in space. These values are the radial distance from a reference point (the origin), the polar angle (the angle from the positive z-axis), and the azimuthal angle (the angle in the xy-plane from the positive x-axis). This system is particularly useful in fields like physics and engineering, where spherical symmetry is common. In spherical coordinates, a point is represented as (r, \theta, \phi), where r is the distance from the origin, \theta is the polar angle, and \phi is the azimuthal angle. To convert between spherical and Cartesian coordinates, one can use the formulas involving trigonometric functions. This conversion is essential for applications in mathematics, astronomy, and robotics.