Spectral analysis is a technique used to examine the different frequencies present in a signal or wave. By breaking down complex signals into their individual components, scientists and engineers can better understand the underlying patterns and behaviors. This method is widely applied in fields like music, astronomy, and engineering to analyze sound waves, light spectra, and vibrations. In practice, spectral analysis often involves using tools like Fourier transforms to convert time-domain data into frequency-domain data. This allows researchers to identify specific frequencies, which can reveal important information about the source of the signal, such as its composition or structure.