Species richness refers to the number of different species present in a specific area. It is an important measure in ecology because it helps scientists understand the diversity of life in ecosystems. Higher species richness often indicates a healthier environment, as it suggests a variety of organisms can coexist and thrive. In addition to its ecological significance, species richness can also impact human activities, such as agriculture and conservation. For example, diverse ecosystems can provide essential services like pollination and pest control. Protecting areas with high species richness is crucial for maintaining biodiversity and ensuring the stability of our planet's ecosystems.