Spanish Texas refers to the period when the region of Texas was part of the Spanish Empire, from the early 18th century until 1821. During this time, Spanish explorers and settlers established missions, presidios, and towns, aiming to convert Indigenous peoples to Christianity and secure the territory against other European powers. Notable missions include Mission San Antonio de Padua and Mission San José. In 1821, Mexico gained independence from Spain, and Texas became part of the newly formed nation. The Spanish influence remained evident in the culture, language, and legal systems of Texas, shaping its identity for years to come.