Spacecraft protection refers to the measures taken to safeguard spacecraft from various hazards encountered in space. These hazards include micrometeoroids, radiation, and extreme temperatures. Engineers design spacecraft with materials and structures that can withstand these challenges, ensuring the safety of onboard instruments and crew. Additionally, spacecraft are equipped with shielding systems to minimize damage from high-velocity particles. For example, the Whipple Shield is a common design that uses multiple layers to absorb impacts. Proper thermal control systems are also essential to maintain optimal operating conditions, protecting sensitive components from the harsh environment of space.