Radiation shielding is the process of protecting people and the environment from harmful radiation. This is achieved by using materials that can absorb or block radiation, such as lead, concrete, or specialized plastics. The effectiveness of shielding depends on the type of radiation, including alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and neutrons, each requiring different materials and thicknesses for adequate protection. In various settings, such as hospitals, nuclear power plants, and research facilities, radiation shielding is essential for safety. For example, X-ray machines use lead aprons to protect patients and staff from unnecessary exposure. Proper shielding helps minimize health risks associated with radiation, ensuring a safer environment.