The South Sudanese Civil War began in December 2013, shortly after South Sudan gained independence from Sudan in 2011. The conflict primarily arose from political tensions between President Salva Kiir and former Vice President Riek Machar, leading to violent clashes and widespread ethnic violence, particularly between the Dinka and Nuer communities. The war has resulted in significant humanitarian crises, with millions displaced and facing famine. Multiple peace agreements have been attempted, but fighting has continued sporadically, complicating efforts for stability and reconciliation in the world's youngest nation.