Sorting algorithms are methods used to arrange data in a specific order, typically in ascending or descending sequence. Common examples include Bubble Sort, Quick Sort, and Merge Sort. These algorithms are essential in computer science as they optimize the efficiency of data retrieval and processing. The choice of sorting algorithm can significantly impact performance, especially with large datasets. Some algorithms, like Insertion Sort, are simple and effective for small lists, while others, like Heap Sort, are more complex but can handle larger datasets more efficiently. Understanding these algorithms is crucial for developers and data scientists alike.