A sonar system, short for Sound Navigation and Ranging, is a technology that uses sound waves to detect and locate objects underwater. It works by emitting sound pulses and measuring the time it takes for the echoes to return after bouncing off an object, such as a submarine or the ocean floor. This information helps in mapping underwater terrain and identifying obstacles. Sonar systems are commonly used in various applications, including fishing, naval operations, and marine research. There are two main types of sonar: active sonar, which sends out sound waves, and passive sonar, which listens for sounds made by other objects.