Sonar systems, short for Sound Navigation and Ranging, are technologies that use sound waves to detect and locate objects underwater. They work by emitting sound pulses and measuring the time it takes for the echoes to return after bouncing off an object, such as a submarine or fish. This information helps in mapping the ocean floor, navigating vessels, and locating underwater hazards. There are two main types of sonar: active sonar and passive sonar. Active sonar sends out sound waves and listens for echoes, while passive sonar only listens for sounds made by other objects, like marine life or ships. Both systems are essential for underwater exploration and safety.