Solar panel construction involves several key components, primarily made from silicon, which is a semiconductor material. The process begins with the creation of solar cells, which convert sunlight into electricity. These cells are then assembled into a protective frame, typically made of aluminum, and covered with a layer of glass to shield them from environmental damage. The assembled solar panels are connected to an electrical system that includes inverters to convert direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). This allows the generated electricity to be used in homes or fed into the power grid. Proper installation and orientation are crucial for maximizing energy efficiency.