Soil ecology is the study of the interactions between soil organisms and their environment. It focuses on how these organisms, including bacteria, fungi, insects, and plants, contribute to soil health and fertility. Healthy soil supports plant growth, stores water, and helps filter pollutants, making it essential for ecosystems and agriculture. In soil ecology, the relationships among organisms are crucial. For example, earthworms aerate the soil, while mycorrhizal fungi form partnerships with plant roots to enhance nutrient uptake. Understanding these interactions helps scientists and farmers improve soil management practices, promoting sustainable agriculture and preserving natural habitats.