Soekarno was the first President of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. He played a crucial role in the country's struggle for independence from Dutch colonial rule and was a key figure in the formation of the Indonesian state. Soekarno was known for his charismatic leadership and his efforts to promote national unity among Indonesia's diverse ethnic groups. He was a prominent advocate of Pancasila, the philosophical foundation of Indonesia, which emphasizes democracy, social justice, and religious tolerance. Soekarno's presidency was marked by significant political and economic challenges, leading to his eventual downfall and replacement by Suharto in 1967.