Sociological theories are frameworks that help us understand how societies function and how individuals interact within them. These theories provide different perspectives on social behavior, institutions, and structures, allowing researchers to analyze patterns and relationships in social life. Key theories include functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism, each offering unique insights into social dynamics. Functionalism views society as a complex system where each part works together to promote stability. In contrast, conflict theory emphasizes the struggles between different social groups, highlighting issues of power and inequality. Symbolic interactionism focuses on the meanings individuals attach to their interactions, shaping their social reality.