Conflict theory is a sociological perspective that views society as composed of groups competing for limited resources, such as wealth, power, and status. It suggests that social structures and institutions are shaped by the struggles between these groups, often leading to inequality and social change. This theory emphasizes the role of power dynamics in shaping human relationships and societal outcomes. Developed by thinkers like Karl Marx, conflict theory highlights how dominant groups maintain their advantages while marginalized groups resist and seek change. It applies to various contexts, including class struggle, race relations, and gender inequality, illustrating how conflicts drive social evolution and reform.