The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast Europe that existed from 1946 until 1992. It was a federation composed of six republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. The country was established after World War II and was led by Josip Broz Tito, who promoted a unique form of socialism that emphasized unity among its diverse ethnic groups. Yugoslavia was known for its non-aligned foreign policy during the Cold War, maintaining independence from both the United States and the Soviet Union. However, after Tito's death in 1980, rising nationalism and economic difficulties led to political instability. This ultimately resulted in the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, leading to a series of conflicts and the emergence of several independent nations.