Sleep disorders are conditions that affect the quality, timing, and duration of sleep, leading to daytime impairment. Common types include insomnia, where individuals struggle to fall or stay asleep, and sleep apnea, characterized by interrupted breathing during sleep. These disorders can result in fatigue, mood changes, and difficulty concentrating. Other sleep disorders include narcolepsy, which causes excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks, and restless legs syndrome, where uncomfortable sensations lead to an irresistible urge to move the legs. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving sleep quality and overall health.