Skin pigmentation refers to the color of the skin, which is primarily determined by the amount and type of a pigment called melanin. Melanin is produced by cells known as melanocytes, and its levels can vary based on genetic factors, sun exposure, and certain medical conditions. Different skin tones arise from varying concentrations of melanin, leading to lighter or darker skin. People with higher melanin levels typically have darker skin, which offers more protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Conversely, those with lower melanin levels may be more susceptible to sunburn and skin damage.