Melanocytes are specialized skin cells responsible for producing a pigment called melanin. This pigment gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes, helping to protect the body from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Melanocytes are primarily found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, but they can also be present in other tissues, such as the inner ear and the eye. The number of melanocytes in a person's skin can vary, but their activity is influenced by factors like genetics, sun exposure, and hormonal changes. When the skin is exposed to UV light, melanocytes increase melanin production, leading to a tan as a natural defense mechanism against sun damage.