Sistani refers to Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, a prominent Shia Islamic cleric based in Najaf, Iraq. Born in 1930, he is one of the most influential religious leaders in the Shia community and plays a significant role in Iraqi politics and society. His teachings emphasize moderation, social justice, and the importance of civic responsibility among Muslims. Sistani is known for his quietist approach, advocating for a separation between religion and state while encouraging political participation. His fatwas, or religious rulings, have guided millions of followers, especially during critical times, such as the aftermath of the 2003 Iraq invasion and the fight against ISIS.